An error occurred while processing the template.

Java method "com.liferay.portal.json.JSONFactoryImpl.createJSONObject(String)" threw an exception when invoked on com.liferay.portal.json.JSONFactoryImpl object "com.liferay.portal.json.JSONFactoryImpl@2ad66ae2"; see cause exception in the Java stack trace.

----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
	- Failed at: navigationJSONObject = jsonFactoryUti...  [in template "17855804202317#32484267#LEARN-ARTICLE-NAV" at line 4, column 9]
----

1<#assign

2	groupFriendlyURL = themeDisplay.getScopeGroup().getFriendlyURL()

3	groupPathFriendlyURLPublic = themeDisplay.getPathFriendlyURLPublic() + groupFriendlyURL

4	navigationJSONObject = jsonFactoryUtil.createJSONObject(navigation.getData())

5	navigationMenuItems =

6		{

7			"Analytics Cloud": {

8				"image": "/documents/d${groupFriendlyURL}/analytics_c-svg",

9				"title": "Analytics Cloud",

10				"url": "analytics-cloud"

11			},

12			"Commerce": {

13				"image": "/documents/d${groupFriendlyURL}/commerce_product-svg",

14				"title": "Commerce",

15				"url": "commerce"

16			},

17			"DXP": {

18				"image": "/documents/d${groupFriendlyURL}/dxp_p-svg",

19				"title": "DXP / Portal",

20				"url": "dxp"

21			},

22			"Liferay Cloud": {

23				"image": "/documents/d${groupFriendlyURL}/dxp_c-svg",

24				"title": "Liferay Cloud",

25				"url": "liferay-cloud"

26			},

27			"Reference": {

28				"image": "/documents/d${groupFriendlyURL}/reference-svg",

29				"title": "Reference",

30				"url": "reference"

31			}

32		}

34	breadcrumbJSONArray = navigationJSONObject.getJSONArray("breadcrumb")

35	childrenJSONArray = navigationJSONObject.getJSONArray("children")

36	parentJSONObject = navigationJSONObject.getJSONObject("parent")

37	productJSONObject = breadcrumbJSONArray.getJSONObject(breadcrumbJSONArray.length()-1)!navigationJSONObject.getJSONObject("self")

38	siblingsJSONArray = navigationJSONObject.getJSONArray("siblings")

39/>

41<div class="learn-article-nav">

42	<#if productJSONObject?has_content && productJSONObject.getString("title")?has_content && navigationMenuItems[productJSONObject.getString("title")]?has_content && navigationMenuItems[productJSONObject.getString("title")].title?has_content>

43		<div

44			class="dropdown learn-article-nav-root learn-dropdown"

45		>

46			<div class="learn-article-nav-item">

47				<div class="d-flex">

48					<div class="learn-article-nav-image">

49						<img

50							class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-caret-bottom product-icon"

51							role="presentation"

52							src='${navigationMenuItems[productJSONObject.getString("title")].image}'

53							viewBox="0 0 512 512"

54						/>

55					</div>

57					<span class="learn-article-nav-text">${navigationMenuItems[productJSONObject.getString("title")].title}</span>

58				</div>

60				<div id="dropdown-icon">

61					<svg

62						class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-caret-bottom"

63						role="presentation"

64						viewBox="0 0 512 512"

65					>

66						<use xlink:href="/o/admin-theme/images/clay/icons.svg#caret-bottom"></use>

67					</svg>

68				</div>

69			</div>

71			<ul class="dropdown-menu learn-dropdown-menu">

72				<#list navigationMenuItems as key, value>

73					<li>

74						<a

75							class="dropdown-item learn-article-nav-item"

76							href="/w/${navigationMenuItems[key].url}/index"

77							tabindex="4"

78						>

79							<span class="d-flex">

80								<span class="learn-article-nav-image">

81									<img

82										class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-caret-bottom product-icon mt-0 mr-2"

83										role="presentation"

84										src="${value.image}"height: 25px; margin-left: 5px; max-width: none; width: 25px;

85										viewBox="0 0 512 512"

86									/>

87								</span>

88								<span class="learn-article-nav-text">${value.title}</span>

89							</span>

91							<#if navigationMenuItems[productJSONObject.getString("title")].url == value.url>

92								<span>

93									<@clay["icon"] symbol="check" />

94								</span>

95							</#if>

96						</a>

97					</li>

98				</#list>

99			</ul>

100		</div>

101	</#if>

103	<div class="learn-article-nav-content">

104		<#if parentJSONObject?has_content && parentJSONObject.getString("url")?has_content>

105			<div class="learn-article-nav-item learn-article-nav-parent liferay-nav-item p-2">

106				<div class="mr-2">

107					<a

108						href='${parentJSONObject.getString("url")}'

109					>

110						<svg

111							class="lexicon-icon lexicon-icon-angle-left"

112							role="presentation"

113							viewBox="0 0 512 512"

114						>

115							<use xlink:href="/o/admin-theme/images/clay/icons.svg#angle-left"></use>

116						</svg>

117					</a>

118				</div>

120				<span>${parentJSONObject.getString("title")}</span>

121			</div>

122		</#if>

124		<#if childrenJSONArray.length() gt 0>

125			<ul class="m-0 p-2">

126				<#list 0..childrenJSONArray.length()-1 as i>

127					<li class="learn-article-nav-item">

128						<a

129							class='liferay-nav-item ${(navigationJSONObject.getJSONObject("self").url == childrenJSONArray.getJSONObject(i).url)?then("selected", "")}'

130							href="${childrenJSONArray.getJSONObject(i).url}"

131						>

132							<span>${childrenJSONArray.getJSONObject(i).getString("title")}</span>

133						</a>

134					</li>

135				</#list>

136			</ul>

137		<#elseif siblingsJSONArray.length() gt 0>

138			<ul class="m-0 p-2">

139				<#list 0..siblingsJSONArray.length()-1 as i>

140					<li class="learn-article-nav-item">

141						<a

142							class='liferay-nav-item ${(navigationJSONObject.getJSONObject("self").url == siblingsJSONArray.getJSONObject(i).url)?then("selected", "")}'

143							href="${siblingsJSONArray.getJSONObject(i).url}"

144						>

145							<span>${siblingsJSONArray.getJSONObject(i).getString("title")}</span>

146						</a>

147					</li>

148				</#list>

149			</ul>

150		</#if>

151	</div>

152</div>

Submit Feedback

Authorizing and Single Sign-On

Authentication and authorization are like the two sides of a coin. Authentication ensures that credentials given match credentials stored in the system. Authorization grants access to resources given authentication that’s already happened. Here, you’ll learn about ways Liferay offers to authenticate users given credentials coming from another system, and you’ll learn about how Liferay uses OAuth 2 to authorize access to resources on behalf of users.

Liferay offers many enterprise options for single sign-on, such as old school token-based for legacy systems, Open AM, CAS, OpenID Connect, Kerberos, and Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML). Clarity Vision Solutions, as most organizations, doesn’t use them all, so the focus here is on SAML. You can learn about all the other options in the documentation.

Liferay can also grant access to resources given the token exchange protocol offered by industry-standard OAuth 2.0. Here you’ll learn how to configure OAuth 2 profiles to grant access to your resources stored in Liferay, for users using anything from a web client, to a mobile app, or a headless microservice.

Begin by Authenticating with SAML